An Exploratory Analysis of the Possibility for LUSH to Achieve Success Essay

An Exploratory Analysis of the Possibility for LUSH to Achieve Success in China (Mainland) - Essay Example This policy creates a dilemma for companies like L’Oreal which seek to expand their market share to serve consumers from countries where humane treatment of animals is a public policy (1). Such companies were compelled to conduct tests on animals at their cost as noted by Alistair Currie at People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) (2). Nevertheless, it is not possible for these companies to exclude China in their market expansion strategies until the government changes the current regulations regarding animal testing and substantiate on the matter (2). Indeed, China is thinking of ways to reduce animal testing with regards to cosmetics (3). Chinas Food & Drug Administration announced that from June 2014, China will do away with its mandatory animal test requirements for cosmetic products manufactured domestically (4). For the first time ever, Chinese companies producing "non-special use cosmetics" such as shampoos or perfumes will have an option as to whether to submit their product samples to the government for testing on rabbits, mice and rats. This will be accompanied by substantiating on product safety using existing safety data for raw ingredients, or European Union-validated non-animal tests (4). The ‘Be Cruelty-Free’Â  organisation will continue to work with Chinese officials towards a complet e ban on cosmetics animal testing (4). This study focused on exploring China’s market potential for typical non-animal testing supporter, Lush, discussing its common marketing strategy and management style as ethical business. My personal interest drove me to choose this topic. I have been interested in Lush for three years after several pleasant experiences on purchases both from online stores and agents. Surprisingly, despite its popularity, it is rare in physical stores. Lush was founded in 1994 as an organic cosmetics and skin care company. The core belief on which it was started was to manufacture fresh mandate products from natural

Reducing Resistance to Change or Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Reducing Resistance to Change or Conflict - Essay Example More specifically, seeking to define diversity in such obvious terms is ultimately counterproductive and goes against the very fabric of what diversity is intended to mean. Within such a manner, the future application of this information for this particular student encourages me to attempt to understand diversity from a more nuanced perspective that has traditionally been accepted and/or appreciated. Likewise, an understanding and appreciation that can be evidenced by discussion number two are with regards to the fact that certain barriers continually exist with regards to the diversity that can be appreciated by any group. Whereas it is oftentimes discounted within society that these barriers exist, they nonetheless do and can completely derail the potential of an individual to be taken seriously or to integrate further within the group in question. Within such a level of understanding, it is incumbent upon the leader to seek to promote diversity throughout the culture of the respec tive group/entity in question. Although this may seem as something of an obvious choice, diversity is more often than not viewed as something of a personal decision. Although it is beneficial for the individual to integrate with an understanding of diversity and means by which it can affect their own lives, seeking to promote this level of diversity throughout the culture of the organization and/or entity in question is equally important to engaging the needs of those in question. Furthermore, with regards to the third discussion, it can be stated that cultural intelligence and diversity cannot exist independent of one another. What is meant by this is the fact that cultural intelligence is ultimately required for level of diversity to be exhibited. As a means of applying this in the workplace, or within one’s own life, it must be understood that prior to making any level of decisions one must first consider the unique culture and background of those in question and how such changes and/or discussions might impact upon them in a different manner. Ultimately, this is the core of what multiculturalism represents. Rather than merely being a â€Å"touchy-feely† means of understanding, this approach allows for a heightened sense of realization within the minds of the stakeholders and decision makers of a given group. With regards to applying discussion number four to my own personal and professional life, it must be understood that the leader of any group, or the educator of any class, must be continually aware of the fact that even if the information being presented to this group is uniform, each of the participants will come away with their own unique understanding. Within such a level of analysis, it is necessary to consider some of the possible takeaways that individuals might have from any level of instruction they are given. Seeking to analyze this differentiation and understanding prior to presentation is a highly effective means of seeking to reduce any potential future disconnects that might, to prominence as a result of misunderstood or improperly presented information. Finally, with respect to the article â€Å"Reducing Resistance to Change or Conflict†, it can be said that my future leadership style will necessarily take these factors into consideration.     

Important Functions of Management

Important Functions of Management What is the meaning of nature of business? It means the type or general category of business or commerce which are describing. Mr. Steve Low is a manager who is working in Tahan Insurance Company. He has about 32 years working experience in General Insurance Industry attached with 4 International and Local General Insurance Companies. Mr. Steve Low has 2 years experience working as marketing executive, 20 years as Branch Manager and 10 years as Vice president for southern Region of Penesular Malaysia. Its product includes fire insurance, motor insurance, personal accident insurance, marine cargo insurance and more. For an example, if you buy fire insurance, it can help to cover loss or damage to the stocks and other contents such as fire, lighting and domestic explosion, aircraft, earthquake and volcanic eruption, storm, tempest, flood, explosion, impact damage(including own vehicle)bursting or overflowing of water tanks apparatus or pipes, riot, strikes and malicious damage. Why we need these services? According to Mr. Steve Low this services can provide prompt and immediate services to both our intermediates and the customers. The channels of distribution are through their intermediaries i.e. General Insurance agents, insurance brokers and direct corporate clients. The level of technologies used computer to operate the business. The organisation structure means that the way an organisation arrange people and jobs so that its work can be performed and its goal can be met. The organisation structure of insurance can be divided into three offices which is shown in the diagram below. Each organisation has different jobs and character that they need to be responsible in the things that they take part in. Employees are responsible to define what they do and report to their manager. So that, the branch offices manager will report to regional office and regional office will report to head office. The strength of the company is it has various type of insurance i.e. about 60 insurance products to offer to the market. It has strong leadership in the management level, hardworking and delicate staff to support the organisation. It also has strong channel of distribution to achieve our management goal i.e. big teams of insurance agency force and insurance brokers support and strong base of corporate client. In addition, it also provide prompt and immediate service to our intermediaries and clients i.e. we expertise our service on both policy issuing and claims settlements. Thus, the benefit is it has 24 hours and worldwide protection for accident death and permanent disablement. Furthermore it will also have medical expenses, bereavement allowance, hospital income, travel allowance, ambulance fees, cosmetic surgery resulting from accident and more. Moreover, the weakness of the companies is it high staff turnover due to stiff market competition in labor force. Planning In an organisation, planning is considered one of the most important and major functions in managing a firm. Planning establish goals and objectives to pursue in the future period. The function of planning spans all levels of management from top managers to middle managers. Top managers are involved in strategic planning which sets board, long range goals for the organisation. These goals are the basis for short range, annual operational planning during which top and middle managers determine a specific department objective that may help the organisation to make progress towards the broader, long range goals. Planning usually includes the word where, why, how and what. For example, where you want to go, why you want to go there, how you will get there, what do you need in order to get there and also how will you know if youre there or not. A good planning means good stewardship. Each success in any ventures requires careful preparation and organises planning. Without proper planning and preparation, we are about to fail in whatever we do. Besides, a good planning also helps to conserve natural resources and it will also save your efforts, time and money. Managers plan involves setting up goals and objectives, and defining the actions which is necessary to achieve the goals, in light of the situation. That is, the situation must be analyzed or understood and the appropriate goals and actions must be determined in order to take advantages of opportunities or to solve problems. Managers throughout the organization must develop goals, strategy and operational plans for their work groups that contribute to the success of the organisation as a whole. Setting goals for company helps manager to guide their team mates to obtain success. Manager does not only set goals for the employees but the goal that is set has to be explained thoroughly to the employees so that it helps the employees to understand the importance of the goals better. These goals which are set for the employees can help them to build a friendly team environment in the workplace. An effective goal setting can be a difference in between meeting a deadline for any crucial proj ect and falling short of success. Goals and objectives provide the organisations with a guarantee that can determine a course of action and further guides them in preparing for changes in the future. A goal is defined as a future state which an individual or an organisation strives to achieve. For each goal that an organisation sets, it also includes an objective. An objective is a short term vision and mission with measurable results. Without a clearly organised goals and objectives, organisations will face problems coordinating activities and forecasting future events. There are four basic functions of organisational goals which is they provide guidance and direction, motivate and inspire employees, facilitate all plannings, and help organisations to evaluate and control performances. Organisational goals not only help the organisation to plan for the future, but it informs all the employees where the organisation is going and also how it plans to go there. When employees are needed to make important and tough decisions, they can refer to the organisations goals as guidance. Goals promote planning in determining how goals will be achieved. Employees usually set a goal in order to satisfy their needs; therefore goals can motivate employees and increase job performance. Evaluation and controlling will allow the organisation to compare its actual performance to the organisation goals and then make any adjustments if necessary. Why is it important for a manager to set goals? This is because goals can affect individual performance through four mechanism s. Firstly, goals can direct actions and efforts towards goal related activities and stay away from unrelated activities. Secondly, goals energize employees. Employees will put in more effort in challenging goals compared to easy goals. Thirdly, goals can affect persistence. This is because employees exert more effort to achieve high in challenging goals. Fourthly, goals can motivate employees to make use of their exist knowledge to obtain a goal or acquire the knowledge which is needed to do a task. Goal setting attributes is one of the subjects of extensive research. Examples of the four attributes are difficulty, specificity, commitment and acceptance. There is a study which shows that there is a direct relationship in between goal specificity and employee performance. Less ambiguity is involved and higher performance is obtained when the goal is made more specific. When employees are given do your best goals, they do not have any external reference to refer in which they can measure their own performances. For example, a manager tells a sales person to do the best you can is an extremely unclear stated goal that will not increase performance. However, if a manager says increase sales by 10 percent is a much more specific and clearly stated goal that encourages high performance because the employees had all the past sales record as their reference? Goal difficulty also has a direct relationship with performance. Studies show that more difficult goals lead to higher performance s, as long as the goal which is set does not become too difficult that employees perceive them as impossible. Manager should not set any unreasonable goals for the employees because unreasonable goals frustrate rather than motivate the employees. On the other hand, a difficult but realistic goal does not only increase performance but also motivation. Research states that employees are highly motivated when the probability of obtaining a specific goal is more than fifty percent. A manager must also set individual performance objectives for the employees. Setting performance objectives per employee is an important part in management which allows organisation to achieve strategic goal by dividing it into several numbers of sub-goals. There are a few steps in individual performance objectives set by the team leader or manager which is appoint and conduct a meeting with each employees to describe his or her job and tasks, address and create a list of responsibilities for the employees, and develop adequate individual performance objectives based on the employees major functions and responsibilities. An employee asks her supervisor for feedback on a recent initiative which she developed for the department. The supervisor responds, It seems fine, but it turns out that it is not what the manager wants them to do. The supervisor meets with one of his staffs and informs her that she is behind in her work and needs to process a minimum number of items in a day, no excuses. These examples clearly illustrates situations that may arise when an organisation have not develop a performance management system. Lack of clarity in develop the staff goals, lack of alignment between employees goals and organisations goals, lack of communication on priorities, all these situations can be avoided through the effective implements of a performance management system. In the interview for our coursework, the planning process in TAHAN insurance company is their key success in their organization for achieving goals. Besides that, planning is also a blueprint of the organization goals. Planning is a step or procedure of how to achieve the objectives for the organization. On another hand, their planning also look into the main power and resources which the company have in order to distribute the job function to each individual or department to achieve goals. Lastly, planning helps them to identify who is responsible for the targeted goal to achieve. Organising What is organising? Organising is one of the four overall functions tend to include essentially everything that managers do in the management process. Organising involves determining the tasks to be done, which will do them, and how those tasks will be managed and coordinated. Managers must organise the members of their work groups and organisation so they information, resources, and tasks flow logically and efficiently through the organisation. Organising also includes defining and assigning authority and responsibility for decisions to enable tasks to be carried out effectively. Issues of organisational culture and human resource management are also related to his function. Organising is very important to a company and when it comes to business leadership, this will be one of the most important functions that process in a company. This function has been creating to help company running with a perfect condition. This can help a company to organise more perfectly and nicely. If a company without these important functions, a company will lose control and occur many problems that prevent a company increase volume of profit in the market. So, to prevent this kind of incident happen, they create this function to solve all these problems. How does a manager utilize the resource to meet the objectives? Actually, the role of a manager is very hard. He needs to ensure that all resources are aligned to business strategy. Besides that, a manager also needs to ensure that this strategy are effectively and efficiency. Responsibility is also important to a manager because this also include the line management and development of employee. These occur to make sure both achieve organisational objectives and for employee personal are growing. Managers skill can be divided by two main categories which are performance management and line management. In performance management, a manager needs to perform some additional tasks such as: organisation design, role definition, hiring employees, goal setting and delegation, planning and resource allocation, decision-making, and communication and reporting. In the organisation design, manager need to make sure that the organisation design is fit for purpose in order to support the effective execution of business strategy. In role definition, a manger must be well defined including skills, capabilities, knowledge, purpose of the role, key accountabilities, responsibilities, and experience needed to perform the role. As a manager, hiring employees is important. Manager has to be diligence to find employees by search, select, interview hire and retain suitable employees to make company earn more profit. In the goal setting and delegation, a manager must have skill to setting SMART objectives, which are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-Oriented, and Time-bound. These performance objectives can bring success to a company and should be explicit, written and agreed to make sure that both parties understand what is expected and what will be a successful outcome. Planning of work and aligning is part of manager work. Manager must do it with a strategy and business priorities way to make sure that works gets done in time and perfectly. As a manager, a lot of decision-making occur. Manager must take many different decisions from different type of works and make sure all work are done it without any problem occur. If managers work facing a problem, as a manager, he or she must solve these problems to complete all works. In communication and reporting skill, manager must have a clearly communicating skill compare to other senior managers. It is because manager is always head of those workers, so as a manager, he or she must have this skill. As a manager, he or she needs to motivate their employees. This can help to motivated and engaged them to perform a well and excellent performance. A manager should organise his or her worker to feed back any comments. This can help manager to know staffs better and build a strong relationship between staffs and manager. In the development, manager must able to identifying areas of growth such as content knowledge, skills and behaviors. Besides that, manager should agreeing with employees development steps and providing the necessary support to help them. So, they will make it happen such as paying for training, giving time off or providing on-the-job training opportunities with new projects. At performance appraisals, manager must perform evaluation that should happen formally. It is because there must at least annually and regular interim appraisals such as quarterly. At performance improvement, manager must understand appropriate and then provide them training, support them, mentoring them or coaching them as needed to help employees achieve an appropriate level of performance in order to reach the goal. Besides organising, a manager also needs to have planning, leading and controlling skills. These skills are very important to a manager as well as a company. Without these skills, a company will not survive in the battle of market. Then, the company will lose to other competitors and facing bankruptcy problem. So, a company must have a good manager with good skills to archive the successful in the battle of market. Organising is a basic needed for a manager. Without these useful skills, the person cannot become a good manager because it will lead the company to failure. So, as a manager, he or she must have these skills in order to help company earn more profit. In other words, manager MUST acquire all these skills in order to become a good and skillful manager in a success company. What are the common resource utilization problems faced by a company? There are three key areas which a manager needs to focus on. These three keys are knowing , doing and measuring. There are some causes in knowing. The first cause is because the manager does not know the utilization rate for yesterday and today, much less for what will be forecast tomorrow. Second cause is the manager does not know what the percentage of billable employee is until the end of the month. In order to cure this, managers need to have real time reports which shows utilize rates and historical trend by individual or company. However, there are also some causes in doing. The causes in doing are billable employee does not have any access to schedules, that is why they cannot see changes or make updates. Therefore, the company must supply a robust mobile device for employee to allow 2 way updates and continual synchronize. Lastly, the causes in measuring are managers cannot see utilization over a period of time, by employee or company. To cure this, managers must make sure that employee reports show utilization, realization and billing against quotas. Leading As one of the four functions of the management, leading can be both extremely important and challenging. Leading is very important for a manager as a manager needs to lead the employees in the company in order to let the company become more successful in the market .A manager should also strive to become an inspiration to the rest of the employees .In this case , the employee will only follow and respect the manager . A manager that is an inspiration means that the employees will follow the manager because they believe in what the manager is doing and they will try to help the company to archive its goals .Finding ways to inspire employees is also means that coaching them and motivating them to succeed as integral parts of the company. On the other hand, the ways that a manager leads will greatly affects the employee morale within the department and company as a whole. Managers should create a climate that encourages new ideas and employee input. This will let the employees feel that they have a say in the company and they will willing to share ideas and attempt to find better ways to improve the process .For example, a good manager will reward the employees with monetary or benefits incentives if they can increase the output of the product .Another idea is a treasure box of goodies. Manager can set a goal early in the week and employees who meet the goal by the end of the week are allowed to take a prize from the treasure box. Besides that , when during the meeting , the manager should also praise the employee who are doing well in their jobs .This will let the employee become more aggressive in their job in order to let the manager to praise them more as when the manager praise them , they feel happy and also fee l proud among the other college . This can also make the other employee become more aggressive when they saw the other employee was praise by the manager as they also want the manager to praise them. Communication skill is very important between a manager and an employee. An effective leader must also have an effective communicator. If a manager does not have a good communication skill, he or she will easily have quarrel with their employees and he or she will have a bad relationship with their employees. This will affect the process of the company when a manager is selfish and do not like to communicate with the others .On the other hand, a manager that shares information and lets employees know the latest news in the company is someone that is deemed trustworthy by his or her employees. Besides that, a manager should always have a good relationship with the employees. For example, the manager can plan some activities for the employees in the company, such as family day, gathering, or party. These activities can let the relationship between the manager and the employees become better and they also know each other better .Besides that, the manager can also know more about the fam ily background of the employees. Moreover , a good and effective leader will inspire his or her employees ,which allows those employees to feel that they are making a meaningful contribution to the company .The employees will also work harder for the company and also take more ownership in their job position .This can mean happy customers and a higher level of customer service . A great leaders in an organisation will affect the employees they supervise .Besides that, they also inspire others employees in the other part of the company .This will make the whole company become more effective. Effective leadership is infectious and it should be spread to as many areas of the organisation as possible. By doing this, will result in a highly-coordinated effort to please both customer and employees. A good leader must also be understanding towards their employees .For example, when one of the employee have some personal problems and they could not come to work for a week , as a understanding manager , we must understand he or her problem and also pass his or her work to other employees . This will let the employees feel that the manager is understanding and is also a good manager .They will also be more loyalty to the company when they feel that they work for the right company. Besides being understanding, a good leader should also be caring and helpful to their employees. For example, when one of the employee family member met an accident, need a sum of money, the manager should help them to collect donation and also comfort them. This will make the employee feel that his or her boss is helpful and caring towards them .The employee will also feel grateful to the manager and also try to repay his or her kindness by doing a good job in their work. When the other employees see thi s situation, they will feel that their manager is a kind, caring and also helpful boss. A leader is also the model among the employees. He or she has to show a good example to the employees in order to let the employee to follow their steps .For example. a leader should come to work at an earlier time .When the employee saw their manager is earlier than them , they will also learn from him or her . Other than being a role model , a leader must also be responsible for what he or she and the team had committed .For example , when the employee have done wrong something , the manager have to be answerable to the management . After interviewing the manager in TAHAN insurance, we knew that the manager use motivation to lead the employees, as motivation is the key factor to drive the team member to archive maximum height in the operation. Besides that, a good manager should exercise the leader by example to the team member by showing them that they are getting a full support from their manager. To get a good relationship with the team member, the manager has to work hand in hand with the team member. On the other hand, a manager should help the employee to solve the problem that they encounter. The manager should also guide the team properly in order to meet the target of the organisation. A responsible manager should also keep a sharp eye on the companies daily operation. The manager must make sure that the company is operationing well. In addition, the manager should also exercise rewarding system to team member who did well or archive a good result in their work. By comparing the two theory and study case, we can compare the functions of the manager. In theory, manager use inspiring to lead the employee, while in study case, the manager use motivation to lead the employee. Besides that, manager becomes the role model of the employee in the theory while the manager becomes the role of example in front of the employee in the study case. Other than that, in theory, manager have to have a good relationship with the employees, while in study case, manager maintain a good relationship with their employee to ensure that they archive the organisation goals. As a conclusion, leading is very important to a manager as he or she need to lead a company with a team of employees. Besides that the manager has to have good communication and relationship with the employee. Without leading, the whole organisation will not be successful as the employees do not listen to the manager. Therefore, a manager must lead their employee well to ensure that they met the company goals and also make the company famous in the industry. Controlling In theory, controlling is one of the function of manager which it is important that this function can helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that deviation from standards are minimizes and stated goals of the organisation are achieved in desired manner. In management controlling can be define as the process of regulating organisational activities so that actual performance conforms to expected organisational goals. The phases of controlling are anticipating the things that could go wrong and taking preventive measures to see that they dont, monitoring or measuring performance in some way in order to compare what is actually happening with what is supposed to be happening and correcting performance problem that occur which this is the therapeutic aspect of control. Examples of controls are delegation (accountability), evaluation (performance), financial statement (budget management) performance management (observation and feedback), policies and procedures (beh avior in workplace), quality control and operation management and lastly risk, safety and liabilities. There are four important steps in controlling which is establish standards to measure performance, measure actual performance, compare performance with standards and take corrective actions. Establish of standard is the first step in controlling as a standard is a unit of measurement that can serve a reference point for evaluating results. Manager should exercise control by comparing performance to some standards and goals. There are a few type of standard which are tangible and intangible standards. Tangible standard are clear, concrete specific and generally measurable while intangible standard is relate to human characteristics which are not expressed in terms of numbers, money, physical qualities or time. It can be desirable attitude, high morale, ethics and cooperation. Tangible standard consist of four standards which is numerical standards, monetary standards, physical standards and time standards. In numerical standards, it can be expressed in numbers of item produced, absences, percentage of sales and etc. Monetary standards can be measured in terms of money which is profit margins, cost and etc. Other than physical standard can be categorized by quality, durabi lity, size, weight and other factors related to physical composition and lastly time standards can refer to the speed with the job is to be done like the project completion date. Measure actual performance is the second step as it ensures that it complies with the established standards. Most of the organisations will prepare formal reports of performance and weekly meeting to measure how the manager performs. These measurements should be related to the standards set in the first step of control process. For example, if sales growth is a target, the organisation should have a means of gathering and reporting sales data. The measure of actual performance can be done by personal observation, written or oral report about employees, automatic methods and inspection, test or samples. Comparing performance with standards is the third step as this step compares actual activities to performance standards. When the manager read the computer reports or walk through their plants, they identify whether actual performance meets, exceeds, or falls short of standards. Typically, performance reports simplify such comparison by placing the performance standards for reporting period alongside the actual performance for the same period and by computing the variance. That is the different between each actual amount and the associated standard. Taking corrective action if necessary is the final step in the control process. Adjustment, fine-tuning, and perhaps drastic action may be necessary to pull off important tasks or to maintain standard. When performance deviates from standards, managers must determine what changes, if any, are necessary and how to apply them. In the productivity and quality-centered environment, workers and manager are often empowered to evaluate their own work. After the evaluator determines the cause or causes of deviation, he or she can take the fourth step which is the corrective action. There are some few examples of corrective actions which are making a decision to retrain a new employee whose performance has not progressed as expected, shifting several employees from their normal jobs to help meet a deadline on another job, counseling an employee whose performance has recently been below the standard, reprimanding an employee for failure to adhere to safety rules and shutting down a piece of eq uipment for maintenance after defective output is traced on it. Characteristics of effective control system consist of controls need to focus on appropriate activities, controls should be timely, controls must be cost effective, control should be accurate and concise and control should be accepted by people they affect. Control needs to focus on appropriate activities mean effective controls must focus on critical factors that affect both the individuals and the organisations abilities to achieve objectives while controls should be timely can define as information needed for comparisons and control purposes need to be in managements hands in order to make effective corrective action. Delays in generating, gathering or disseminating information can prolong the occurrence and extend of deviation. Other than that control must be cost effective as this benefit of using appropriate controls should be worth their cost of installation and operation. Too much of control can be worse than too little. The key is to provide appropriate for the situation and provide saving greater that the cost involved. Moreover control should be accurate and concise as control must provide information about operations and people in sufficient quality and quantity to enable managers to make meaningful comparisons to operation standards. As with control, too much information can be as bad as too little. Lastly controls should be accepted by the people they affect as controls and their applicability to specific situations should be communicated clearly to those responsible for implementing them and to those who will be governed by them. In the interview for our coursework, the controlling in TAHAN insurance is manager should follow up closely on the daily basis on all the departments operations to ensure that they have achieve their goals, service standard and KPI (key performance indicators set by the company. Other than that, weekly marketing meeting should be conducted to monitor the marketing activities and marketing result from each marketer. To identify the problem area arises from the marketer and assist them immediately to resolve in order to achieve immediate results. Furthermore, emphasis on result orientated to all departments or individuals to achieve goals and conduct weekly product control meeting in order to improve their financial standing. By viewing both theory and the case study, we can compare one of the functions of manager which is controlling. Manager use controlling to identify the problem area arises from the marketer activities in the case study while in theory manager also use taking corrective action steps to identify the problem that happen in the organisation. Other than that, in

Mass Storage (defined) :: essays research papers

A Mass Storage Device can be defined as: Any device used to supply relatively inexpensive storage for large amounts of data. A sort of jukebox for optical disks or tape cartridges. A mass storage unit can automatically load any disc or tape in its library to provide quick access to vast quantities of information. (Computer Dictionary, Third Edition by Donald Spence, Camelot Publishing) The text written for this paper will utilize several kilobytes of storage space. Several pictures are included in this paper. The pictures will utilize several hundred kilobytes of storage space. The finished paper will utilize about one megabyte of storage space - nearly an entire 3.5-inch floppy disk. But there is plenty of space on the hard drive. Or is there? This picture (from: www.storage.ibm.com/storageadsmhome.htm) illustrates typical amounts of storage space used by common files. Increased demand for storage space affects many people - from individuals (e.g. a Robert Morris College student) to corporations (e.g. USX). The solution for the student is an easy one. Purchase and install a larger hard drive. Or perhaps consider deleting those files from Speech Communications 2 class. The corporation will tackle this problem differently then the student will. One possible option is the use of Mass Storage. Four types of Mass Storage technologies will be discussed: Hard Drives, Optical Disks, Tape Systems and the idea of HSM. The main idea all of these technologies is to end up with additional storage space - especially hard drive space. Hard Drive Storage Hard Drive Technologies could be compared to the hard drive of a personal computer or to floppy disks. Data and programs are stored on magnetic coated disks. Hard drives are fast, but they are expensive. The capacity of hard drives is increasing. Computer Shopper magazine recently featured a 50 gigabyte hard drive. Additionally, the price of hard drive storage has been decreasing. But to continually purchase addition hard drive space may not be the most efficient business choice. Older files may hold great value. Deleting them to free up more space may not be an option. Removable disk drives can be used to free up hard drive space. A Zip Drive can hold 250 megabytes of data. A Jazz Drive can hold up to 2 gigabytes. Storage can also be increased using RAID technology. RAID is the acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID is a storage device that can hold and control multiple hard drives.

Importance of Writing

The Importance of Writing for Students Writing defines as a tool to represent writers' thoughts, feelings,and ideas into one component/purpose. As a tool, writing has a function to develop writers' thoughts to be more critical. Writing requires a practical adjustment, and a repetition in order to improve the skill. The practice is vary; however, the basic of practicality involves some sources as a media of learning. Writing prepares writers, especially students, to reach into a larger society in term of showing their ability in an indirect way of communication. Writing plays a very important role in the world of education.Writing builds a way to create students to be more creative. Creativity through writing has unlimited scopes. Scope of writing narrative implicates a wild imagination through certain complex ideas by locating the concept orderly and specifically. Scope of writing an academic progress, such as research paper, requires students to understand in applying a right gramma r, and structuring a paragraph. â€Å"Creative writing† leads students to do analyzation that trigger them in finding a new invention (Bekurs; Santoli). An analyzation demands students to elaborate and rearrange the words into one whole new perception.Analyzing in this writing process means â€Å"to learn how to evaluate† the argument, and â€Å"use that information-to find the meaning in the knowledge† (Bekurs; Santoli). According to Santoli and Bekurs, â€Å"the foundation of creative writing† must be based on students' â€Å"personal interest† (Bekurs; Santoli). Writing develops a social skill in students. A social skill needs a basic foundation of learning how to master a second way of communication, called writing. In particular, a social movement in internet, such as blogging, entangles young people to express theimselve as an individual through writing.This blogging activity is â€Å"the expressway to the soul†; moreover, writing refl ects the personality of the writers that allow them to interact with new people in the cyber world (McNulty). A social skill, in term of writing, generates an unlimited access in reaching many different societies. However, students have to master many different vocabularies related to the field. Writing helps some students in gaining friends. Some students have a difficulty in relating themselves to new people. In particular, the activity of exchanging journal in order to interact with their new friends is still ecessary, especially for those in a lower grade of education. Writing guides students in gaining â€Å"self-awareness†, â€Å"self-motivation†, and â€Å"believing in themselves† (Downing 1). In this case, writing a journal can be very helpful in raising students' motivation and introspection toward themselves. Writing a journal means writing out our wild opinions into a piece of paper; just like writing a diary. By writing journal, students can deliver their â€Å"hidden thoughts† through a â€Å"white and black† tool that makes everything â€Å"visible to the world† (McNulty). Writing trains students to become more independent and confident.According to Santoli and Bekurs, when students â€Å"become more comfortable putting their pens to paper† as writers, they have become independent decision makers of themselves (Bekurs; Santoli). Furthermore, students have to often practice the writing skill to gain a self-confidence. The more students practice their writing, the more they allow themselves to comprehend the usefulness of using grammar and applying them into paragraph. Writing determines the future career of students. The skill of writing describes the knowledgeable students as independent workers in the future.For instance, the ability of student in speaking a good speech generates a newly politician. The competence of student in writing a report rises a new born talented journalist. Moreover, the w riting skill of students specify their position as a worker; either lower or higher position. In term of writing, the importance of being able to â€Å"mean what you say and say what you mean† has crucial meaning in the career field (McNulty). In order to apply for a job, people have to submit a firm Curriculum Vitae letter that requires them to write a boldness approval of themselves.

Characters, events and themes in ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

John Steinbeck uses animal imagery to express and introduce characters, events and themes in ‘Of Mice and Men.’ Steinbeck also uses nature, to convey events and settings in a subtle way. In section one of ‘Of mice and Men’ Steinbeck uses various colours to help the reader visualise the clearing as a tranquil and peaceful place. By describing the Salinas River as ‘deep and green’ the reader instantly envisages the water to be refreshing, mysterious and untouched. In addition, Steinbeck suggests that the clearing is full of sunlight: ‘The water is warm too, for it slipped twinkling over the yellow sands.’ Yellow, in this context, is calming because the words ‘warm’ and ‘twinkling’ are used before it. Steinbeck also uses alliteration to create a calm and peaceful atmosphere: ‘south of Soledad, the Salinas River.’ The repetition on the soft’s’ sound is calming and subtle. Steinbeck repeats this technique: ‘the water is warm too.’ As with the’s’ sound, the soft ‘w’ is calming. In this setting of absolute calm and serenity, Lennie and George are introduced. Steinbeck uses extensive animal imagery to describe Lennie: ‘dragging his feet in the way a bear drags his paws.’ This gives the impression that Lennie is large and cumbersome. However, the main reason that Steinbeck uses this form of imagery in describing Lennie is to portray him as amoral and therefore almost child-like. This means that later on in the novel, the reader will acknowledge that Lennie is blameless and also innocent. In contrast, section two begins with a very different description of conditions at the bunk house. The walls are ‘white washes’. This gives the impression that the bunk house is plain and dull. Most surfaces are ‘wood’ and ‘unpainted’ suggesting that everything is built for a practical purpose and that no thought has been put into decoration. In addition, even the sunlight is described negatively: ‘the sun threw a bright dust-laden bar through one of the side windows.’ This makes the sunlight seem dirty, like grey dust, which is at a vast disparity to the sunlight in section one, that is ‘golden’. The only reference to nature in section 2 is the use of a simile: ‘In and out of the beam flies shot like rushing stars.’ On the surface this simile seems pleasant, the flies represent nature and shooting stars are known to be lucky. Also the ‘busy’ flies may remind the reader of the itinerant workers that come and go. However, this simile does have sinister connotations, suggesting that something is rotten on the ranch; Hinting that death and destruction will follow in this novel. The theme of animals is also used to depict deep friendship when Candy’s dog is callously killed: ‘†I’d put the gun right here† he pointed with his toe’ Carlson is arrogant and insensitive causing candy’s to reveal one of the deepest friendships in the novel:’ The old man squirmed uncomfortably. â€Å"Well hell! I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him† He said proudly, â€Å"You wouldn’t believe it to look at him now, but he was the best damn sheep dog I ever seen.’ ‘The Dream’ is a key theme throughout ‘Of Mice and Men.’ This dream is surprisingly simple and based on happy memories of George’s childhood: ‘An’ we’d keep a few pigeons to go flying around†¦like I done when I was a kid.’ George is sometimes reluctant to repeat the dream. However once he gets into his stride the poetry of his language demonstrates that the dream is just as important to him as it is to Lennie: ‘The cream so god thick you got to cut it with a knife and eat it with a spoon. The dream is ultimately what binds Lennie and George together, keeping them focused and determined to work. This relates to animals and nature because all that Lennie and George want is to own there own land and livestock; this will set them free, like a bird. In section 3 a fight between Lennie and Curley takes place. Curly unexpectedly focuses his aggression on Lennie: ‘Then Curley’s rage exploded. â€Å"Come on, ya big bastard.’ Steinbeck instantly lets the reader know that Lennie is innocent by describing him as ‘helpless’ and comparing him to an innocent and amoral lamb: ‘Lennie covered his face with his huge paws and bleated in terror.’ Steinbeck uses the comparison between Lennie and animals, in this situation to show that his actions aren’t done out of anger or spite but out of instinct and fear. During the fight Curly description changes dramatically from a ‘terrier’ to a ‘fish on a line’ implying that he is helpless, vulnerable and at Lennie’s mercy: ‘The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line.’ In the last section of the novel, a poignant comparison is made using wildlife. ‘A water snake glided smoothly up the pool, twisting it periscope head from side to side†¦A silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically.’ Steinbeck uses this metaphor to emphasise that Lennie’s death is fate, just like nature. In conclusion, Steinbeck relays back to nature and wildlife to subtly describe a situation, theme or character. This allows the reader to identify with the novel and understand situations more clearly and deeply.

Free Essays on Mesoamerica

The cultural area known as Mesoamerica covers most of Southern Mexico and Central America. It ¡Ã‚ ¯s topography and ecology include semi arid deserts in the north, mountainous terrains and steamy rainforests in the South. To the East lies the Gulf coast and the Yucatan peninsula, a limestone jetty with a system of underground rivers, where water is scarce. It shares some distinct cultural traits that were disseminated by what is known as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast. The Olmecs (1000 - 400 B.C.) are considered  ¡Ã‚ °the mother culture ¡Ã‚ ± because they were the first people to have developed a centralized government. They were the first long-distance traders of Mesoamerica and apparently spread  ¡Ã‚ °civilization ¡Ã‚ ± as well as their trade goods. They had a strong influence on peoples as far south as Guatemala and as far east as the Zapotec center of Monte Alban. They were the first to create the famous Mesoamerican ballgame which later was included in the cosmology of the Maya, the Teotihuacanos, the Zapotecs, the Mixtecs, the Toltecs, and later the Aztecs or Mexica. It is to them that scholars have attempted to link the Maya and Central Mexican Calendars as well as early writing. The calendric system of the Maya and of Central Mexico are based on a numeric system that included the concept of zero. Zeros mark completion and are part of a cycle. The calendar is really a calendric system with a 360 day solar count with 18 months containing 20 days each. Each day has its own name. At the end of the 18 months is one small month with 5 days of fear and calamity. This was intermeshed with a 260 day ritual calendar of 20 day names and 13 numbers. These two calendars created what is known as the calendar round that functioned like two circular gears that pushed time in a spiral motion. The calendar round does not repeat any of its combination of days for a period of 52 years. The Aztecs renewed their cycle with a  ¡Ã‚ °new fire ri... Free Essays on Mesoamerica Free Essays on Mesoamerica The cultural area known as Mesoamerica covers most of Southern Mexico and Central America. It’s topography and ecology include semi arid deserts in the north, mountainous terrains and steamy rainforests in the South. To the East lies the Gulf coast and the Yucatan peninsula, a limestone jetty with a system of underground rivers, where water is scarce. It shares some distinct cultural traits that were disseminated by what is known as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast. The Olmecs (1000 - 400 B.C.) are considered â€Å"the mother culture† because they were the first people to have developed a centralized government. They were the first long-distance traders of Mesoamerica and apparently spread â€Å"civilization† as well as their trade goods. They had a strong influence on peoples as far south as Guatemala and as far east as the Zapotec center of Monte Alban. They were the first to create the famous Mesoamerican ballgame which later was included in the cosmology of the Maya, the Teotihuacanos, the Zapotecs, the Mixtecs, the Toltecs, and later the Aztecs or Mexica. It is to them that scholars have attempted to link the Maya and Central Mexican Calendars as well as early writing. The calendric system of the Maya and of Central Mexico are based on a numeric system that included the concept of zero. Zeros mark completion and are part of a cycle. The calendar is really a calendric system with a 360 day solar count with 18 months containing 20 days each. Each day has its own name. At the end of the 18 months is one small month with 5 days of fear and calamity. This was intermeshed with a 260 day ritual calendar of 20 day names and 13 numbers. These two calendars created what is known as the calendar round that functioned like two circular gears that pushed time in a spiral motion. The calendar round does not repeat any of its combination of days for a period of 52 years. The Aztecs renewed their cycle with a â€Å"new fire ritualï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Mesoamerica The cultural area known as Mesoamerica covers most of Southern Mexico and Central America. It ¡Ã‚ ¯s topography and ecology include semi arid deserts in the north, mountainous terrains and steamy rainforests in the South. To the East lies the Gulf coast and the Yucatan peninsula, a limestone jetty with a system of underground rivers, where water is scarce. It shares some distinct cultural traits that were disseminated by what is known as the Olmec of the Gulf Coast. The Olmecs (1000 - 400 B.C.) are considered  ¡Ã‚ °the mother culture ¡Ã‚ ± because they were the first people to have developed a centralized government. They were the first long-distance traders of Mesoamerica and apparently spread  ¡Ã‚ °civilization ¡Ã‚ ± as well as their trade goods. They had a strong influence on peoples as far south as Guatemala and as far east as the Zapotec center of Monte Alban. They were the first to create the famous Mesoamerican ballgame which later was included in the cosmology of the Maya, the Teotihuacanos, the Zapotecs, the Mixtecs, the Toltecs, and later the Aztecs or Mexica. It is to them that scholars have attempted to link the Maya and Central Mexican Calendars as well as early writing. The calendric system of the Maya and of Central Mexico are based on a numeric system that included the concept of zero. Zeros mark completion and are part of a cycle. The calendar is really a calendric system with a 360 day solar count with 18 months containing 20 days each. Each day has its own name. At the end of the 18 months is one small month with 5 days of fear and calamity. This was intermeshed with a 260 day ritual calendar of 20 day names and 13 numbers. These two calendars created what is known as the calendar round that functioned like two circular gears that pushed time in a spiral motion. The calendar round does not repeat any of its combination of days for a period of 52 years. The Aztecs renewed their cycle with a  ¡Ã‚ °new fire ri...

Corrections and Treatment Essay Example

Corrections and Treatment Essay Example Corrections and Treatment Paper Corrections and Treatment Paper There is a wide choice of correctional treatments available for juveniles, which can be subdivided into two major categories, which are community treatment and institutional treatment. Community treatment refers to efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles in need. Institutional treatment facilities are correctional centers operated by federal, state, and county governments. These facilities restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence control. Community corrections have traditionally emphasized offender rehabilitation. Community treatment includes probation, intensive supervision, house arrest, and balanced probation. Probation includes regular supervision by a probation officer. The juvenile must adhere to conditions such as attend school or work and stay out of trouble. Intensive supervision involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny. The juvenile must adhere to the same conditions as those placed on regular probation. House arrest, which is often coupled with electronic monitoring, allows offenders sentenced to probation to remain in the community on condition that they stay at home during specific periods. Offenders may be monitored through random phone calls, visits, or electronic devices. Balanced probation systems integrate community protection, the accountability of the juvenile offender, and individualized attention to the offender. These programs are based on the view that juveniles are responsible for their actions and have an obligation to society whenever they commit an offense. Under balanced probation restrictions are tailored to the risk the juvenile offender presents to the community. The purpose of these treatment efforts is to provide rehabilitation to juvenile offenders and ensure public safety, all at the same time. These programs are important because not all juvenile offenders need to be placed into institutions for rehabilitation, some can be effectively rehabilitated outside of institutions, and become productive members of society (Wadsworth, 2005). Correctional institutions operated by federal, state, and county governments are generally classified as secure or open facilities. Secure facilities restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls. Open institutions generally do not restrict the movement of the residents and allow much greater freedom of access to the facility. Males make up the great bulk on institutionalized youth. They are more likely to form allegiances with members of their own racial group and attempt to exploit those outside the group. They also scheme to manipulate staff and take advantage of weaker peers. The juvenile justice system should be concerned with this issue because this is primarily how gangs are developed, and could become a serious issue within juvenile facilities. The growing involvement of girls in criminal behavior and the influence of feminist movement have drawn more attention to the female juvenile offender. Institutions for girls are generally more restrictive than those for boys, and they have fewer educational and vocational programs and fewer services. The juvenile justice system should also be concerned with this issue because it is a double standard. Most female delinquents are in for status offenses, compared to male delinquents who are in for violent crimes, but yet the males have fewer restrictions than the females. It is also unfair to the female inmates to not be able to receive that same educational and vocational training. Female delinquents need to be rehabilitated just as well as the males (Wadsworth, 2005). Aftercare in the juvenile justice system is the equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system. When juveniles are released from an institution, they may be placed in an aftercare program of some kind, so that those who have been institutionalized are not simply returned to the community without some transitional assistance. The Intensive Aftercare Program model developed by David Altshuler and Troy Armstrong offers a continuum of intervention for serious juvenile offenders returning to the community following placement. Colorado is one state who has implemented the IAP Model. In their program community based providers begin weekly services while the adolescents are still institutionalized, and continue during aftercare. Sixty days prior to release, IAP youth begin a series of step down measures, including supervised trips to the community, and thirty days before release, there are overnight or weekend home passes. Upon release to parole, most program youths go through several months of day treatment that, in addition to services, provides a high level of structure during the day. Trackers provide evening and weekend monitoring during this period of reentry. The planned frequency of contact is once a week during the first few months of supervision, with gradual reductions to once a month in later stages of supervision. Virginia has also implemented the IAP Model. Virginia’s central feature is the use of group home placements as a bridge between the institution and the community. Immediately after release from the institution, youths enter one of two group homes for a thirty to sixty day period. Virginia uses a formal step down system to ease the intensity of parole supervision gradually. In the two months following the youth’s release from the group home, staff is required to contact them five to seven times per week. This is reduced to three to five times per week during the next two months, and again to three times per week during the final thirty days. Aftercare programs are important for several reasons. First, they prepare youth for progressively increased responsibility and freedom in the community. Second, they facilitate youth-community interaction and involvement. Finally, they work with both the offender and targeted community support systems on qualities needed for constructive interaction and the youths’ successful community adjustment (Wadsworth, 2005). There are several aspects of the juvenile justice system, and they are all important. The goals of these programs are to rehabilitate the youth, and I believe they can be effective. If implemented properly, combining institutionalization, community based treatment, and aftercare, a juvenile can become rehabilitated. However, one cannot be implemented without the other, because then the youth may not have a successful reentry into the community. Bibliography Wadsworth. (2005). Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community Treatment, and Institutionalization. In Juvenile Delinquency: The Core (pp. 244-265). Thomson Learning Inc.

Describe Yourself Essay Whats It All About

Describe Yourself Essay Whats It All About Whether youre applying to a community college, a four-year college or university, or graduate school, you may be asked to write an essay describing yourself. A Describe yourself essay may also be required for applications to extracurricular programs, special experiences, and certain types of employment. So, where do you begin when describing yourself in writing? Do you talk about your weaknesses, or just your strengths? Make Preliminary Notes Before you begin writing the essay properly, take some time to jot down a few thoughts. You dont have to include everything you write down here in your final draft; this is merely a brainstorming exercise that will give you some material to work with. First, make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. These can be physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual qualities. While youre at it, add any special talents or hobbies. If you have any personal heroes, list those names, whether theyre celebrated figures or not. Next, write down any significant experiences youve had, such as witnessing the death of a pet or family member, winning an award, traveling, or becoming sick or injured. Add dates to refresh yourself, in case you plan to write a chronological account. Finally, list some adjectives that you think other people might use to describe you, as well as words youd use to describe yourself. Pick a Format Some institutions will give you details on how to compose your essay. In the absence of such instructions, its always safe to go with a standard five-paragraph essay. This consists of an opening paragraph, three solid paragraphs, and a conclusion. Dont Be Too Negative While its fine to mention rough times or personal weaknesses, some things are better left unsaid. A run-in with the law or a battle with a serious mental illness is generally not the kinds of things you want to talk about in your essay. Always try to use negative characteristics or events to highlight your good points. For example, if one of your parents abandoned your family and you had to become a caretaker to your younger siblings, you can talk about how that experience made you more mature, responsible, and compassionate. But focus more on the outcome than the bad experience. The more skilled you are as a writer, the better youll do at turning negatives into positives. Open Strong Whether or not you have the option to give your composition a title, youll want your first sentence to reel the reader in. You could mention something that other people say about you, refer to a favorite quote, or make a joke that shows your personality. Write a Thesis Statement A thesis statement, which also belongs in your introduction, is different from a hook or a headline. The thesis is your overall description of what youre writing about. Here are some examples: __________ was the most significant experience of my life. The three values that best define me are __________, __________, and __________. My lifelong dream has been to __________. If theres one thing I regret, its __________. If I can accomplish these three things before I die, I will have lived a good life: Compose Three Distinct Paragraphs There are several ways you can arrange your essay. You might write one paragraph about each of your most important values, memories, or goals. Or you could devote one paragraph to describing yourself physically, one to describing yourself psychologically, and one to describing yourself socially. Again, the construction of the essay may be part of the assignment, so be sure to follow any instructions you receive. Close Memorably In your closing paragraph, sum up the basic point or points you want the reader to remember about you. What did you strive to say in the body of the paper? Recap it here by saying something like, Whatever happens, I know I will have my __________, __________, and __________ to guide me. Finally, remember that this is not a research paper or book report. Keep the tone casual, and make sure it sounds like the real you. If youre naturally a serious intellectual, thats fine. But if youre a clown, it wont serve you well to write a stuffy-sounding paper.

Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theater - Essay Example Personally, I believe there are universal events, emotions and perceptions among people around the world regardless of race, religion, status or gender. Everybody is born, everybody dies, everybody needs to be loved, and to love. These are just a few of the human experiences that are common to men and which are usually portrayed in theaters, bringing to life what some might run away from, get obsessed with or would not just mind at all. In such cases, the theater can serve as an encouragement for me at times I am undergoing sufferings and think that I am not able to rise from a sorry state; or an awakening call when I am bound to engage in things that are morally unacceptable. It could also call my attention when I do not involve myself so much with other people to have an awareness of what is going on; so that I can look for things or activities that I can deliberately improve to give my best performance in the stage am playing my part, and to do my part

Government Intervention (Microeconomics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Government Intervention (Microeconomics) - Essay Example Microeconomics, a division of economics deals with the decisions taken by individuals, firms and governments under constraints in order to maximize their goal. The individual or common man’s decision may be controlled by his income which is a constraint. Within his income limit he has to make his buying decisions to increase his happiness. A firm’s decision on its sales and selling price, hiring charges and production costs may be controlled by technology it uses and by the competition prevailing in the market, demand of the product etc. The decision taken should improve the total revenue of the firm. The Government’s decision will be based on the well-being of its people but is controlled by limited technology and resources it possesses. The government might impose tax, laws and quantity of production to protect the people. Thus, we can say that microeconomics, deals with various economic decisions taken by individuals, firms, Government, which affects the deman d and supply of goods and services, prices of commodities, quantity of output etc. Thus Microeconomics â€Å"looks at the smaller picture, and focuses more on basic theories of supply and demand and how individual businesses decide how much of some thing to produce and how much to charge for it† . Demand and Supply can be regarded as the basic principles of economics. Demand can be described as the want of people with the required ability to buy goods and services at a particular price. There prevails a variety of alternative prices for the goods at a particular time. Supply on the other hand is the amount of goods and services bid by sellers for sale at a particular time and at a particular price. The relationship between the demand and supply is the major force which controls the market economy. This force guides the market economy. In a free market or market economy, resources are allocated based on the demand of the product. The supply decisions are made

Cease Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cease Fire - Research Paper Example Public health issues are diverse and dynamic, and they also impact differently communities and societies. Dr. Gary Slutkin, the person behind the project that saw the establishment of the CeaseFire program, holds that violence is a critical public health issue yet the most relatively ignored (Wilson & Petersilia, 2011). He also maintains that violence is deeply rooted in behavior and can, therefore, be prevented through changes in behavioral norms. In this respect, the program heavily depends on the intervention of outreach workers in the event of violence or conflicts in the streets. The duty and responsibility of these workers is to interrupt conflicting parties and mitigate conflicts that are likely to result in violence. The planned behavior theory can essentially explain the causes and trends in street violence. The variables that inform the theory of planned behavior include attitude towards a behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (Weisburd & Braga, 2006). The intentions of a behavior are critically linked to an individual’s beliefs. Therefore, street violence is driven by individual behavior in regard to the intentions and beliefs of the gangs or any other person who engages in street conflicts and violence. The anti-violence advocacy by the CeaseFire program in the benefiting communities targets behavior change in order to achieve its objectives. The process of changing behavioral norms must identify the subject matter and all its variables before addressing the underlying issue (House of Commons, 2008). Stakeholders must first identify the behavior that needs to be changed in order to act accordingly. Anti-violence advocacy and conflict mitigation at the street level have to change the mindset, beliefs, and behaviors of gangs and all other persons who engage in street violence, and that is essentially the role of interrupters in the

Overview and analysis of the energy generation industry in Uk Essay

Overview and analysis of the energy generation industry in Uk - Essay Example .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦3 GDP Contribution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Employment creation...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦14 Investment..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 The effects of government sustainability targets on Ecotricity business plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦15 The UK Energy Generation Industry is one of the core industries in the United Kingdom’s economy, owing to the fact that the industry does not only power the whole nation, but also determines the rate of earnings that the other industrial sectors in the economy produces (Willems and Morbee, 2008:17). Energy is the backbone of the manufacturing, transport and commercial industries, such that without efficient energy supply for these sectors, the economy would virtually grind to halt. The UK Energy Generation Industry accounted for 51.8% of the total industrial investment in the United Kingdom in 2010 (DECC, 2013:2). This underlines its major contribution to both the stability and productivity of the economy, not only in its capacity to generate revenues for the economy, but also in supporting the rest of the industries in the economy to maximize their productivity. This report seeks to analyze the structure of the industry, with a view to evaluate the reasons for the structure and the strategic decisions that are influenced by the structure of the industry, as well as the possible future structure of the industry. The other subject of this report will be the analysis of the contribution of the UK energy generation industry to the economy, especially as related to the value added by the industry to the country. Finally, the report will also assess the effects of government sustainability targets on the business plan of Ecotricity, as one of the

Budget vs Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) Essay

Budget vs Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) - Essay Example The budget portion within the CAFR comprises of what was predicted and even what actually happened in terms of monetary expenditure and income. The CAFR even comprises of investments that the government has made and these investments are details in different categories and it even comprises of the ending balance of investments that occurred in prior years. On the other hand a budget can be regarded as a map created by the government and this map comprises of spending that might be made by different governmental organizations over a particular year (Hou, 2013). It comprises of both revenues as well as the expenditure that different governmental units such as schools, defense services and other units spend and collect over a particular year. These budgets are created while keeping in mind the spending and revenues that were disbursed and collected by the governmental agencies in prior

Product Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Product Assessment - Essay Example Fax machines had been very popular in offices and at home for transmitting messages anywhere for some time. According to coupon. chili.com website, an environmentalist group, there are about 46.3 million fax machines in the world, most of which are held in the United States, Japan, Germany, France and UK (in that order) . This group is worried on the environmental effect of the staggering amount of paper consumed by the operation which they presumed to reach 853 miles of paper or approx. 1.373 kilometers and an impact to 2 million trees used for paper. It was once an important piece of technology that is attached to a telephone. However it is now considered by several analysts as an outdated technology that has many flaws. In the office setting, it is considered as a security risk for information and one that consumes a lot of money and materials. Due to other available means of communication, the fax machine is now suffering from a steady decline. For instance, as cited by Nick Staf feiri (April 9, 2010), law firms in Philadelphia have decreased its facsimile usage by about 55 to 70% from previous years due to electronic preference of documents than paper. A survey done by Linkedin to 7,000 professionals in 17 countries around the globe showed that it is one of the products that is slowly losing its appeal and would disappear by 2017 (Vivian Gang. Sept 25, 2012). So it is closer to an end, and by this time manufacturers in the US should have developed a strategy to avert this closure. Recommendations Businesses have a product cycle of growth, maturity and decline. In each stage businesses have to adjust strategies to complement the needs of the market and environment. In the declining stage, businesses will notice a decline in sales of the product or service. a. When a product reaches declining stage, it is about time that the company does strategic actions to resuscitate the dying business. At this point, company should look into foreign markets that have need for the fax machine. Wagner, K. (May 15, 2013), a reporter of the CNN, argued that in some markets, fax machines refused to die. This is the case in Japan wherein the popularity of fax machines has grown roots into the Japanese society. Old folks have developed attachment to the fax machine that they found it hard to replace regardless of the modern technology. Taking this as a cue, manufacturers of fax machine should take the market opportunity of developing third world countries. Statistics compiled by the Nation Master website showed that there are more users of fax machine in Japan aside from US, than in any other countries while fewer users are shown for African and Asian countries. This is an opportune time to develop these regions and introduce the product. b. It is also about time that manufacturers of fax machines upgrade their product to cope up with the advent of new technology. In order for the fax system to expand, it will be necessary to bring into it developments of multiple functions of the information system. But of course, this will be a tall order that will cause its reinvention and would incur a lot of new investments. Adding new features would be a risky investment where return of investment is not sure. c. Reduce marketing expenses such as advertisements and promotions. These are overhead expenses that could reduce operating cost and help preserve the business, and if sales do not improve, manufacturer

Budget vs Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) Essay

Budget vs Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) - Essay Example The budget portion within the CAFR comprises of what was predicted and even what actually happened in terms of monetary expenditure and income. The CAFR even comprises of investments that the government has made and these investments are details in different categories and it even comprises of the ending balance of investments that occurred in prior years. On the other hand a budget can be regarded as a map created by the government and this map comprises of spending that might be made by different governmental organizations over a particular year (Hou, 2013). It comprises of both revenues as well as the expenditure that different governmental units such as schools, defense services and other units spend and collect over a particular year. These budgets are created while keeping in mind the spending and revenues that were disbursed and collected by the governmental agencies in prior

Corporate Philanthropy Essay Example for Free

Corporate Philanthropy Essay It is easy to estimate what corporate America is pulling in by simply looking at the amount of money they spend on advertising and celebrity endorsements. The evidence of increased affluence can also be seen in the kind of lifestyle exemplified by the CEOs of said companies. In this era of billion dollar industries the question has to be asked on the necessity or the responsibility of for-profit organizations to engage in and support philanthropy? An initial reaction would be the affirmative as there is almost no negative consequence to the idea of receiving a gift. But then again there is no such thing as a free lunch so to speak. This study will attempt to get a basic understanding of corporate philanthropy and what it means to the donor and to the receiver as well. Spirit of Giving Even before tax deductible corporate charitable contributions became part of business strategy, there were already businessmen and organizations imbued with the spirit of giving. In the early year of the twentieth century Milton S. Hershey, a deeply religious man belonging to the Mennonite sect took great pains in order to bless others as he was blessed and this was explained by Andrew Savitz: Hershey [†¦] wanted his wealth to be used ‘for a purpose of enduring good’, [†¦] Through his Hershey Improvement Company, he founded most of its leading institutions, including local bank, department store, zoo, and public gardens modeled on those at the French Versailles [†¦] He even founded a community college that local residents and company employees could attend free of charge (2006, p. 5-6). When the Great Depression ravaged corporate America in the 1930s this same spirit of giving has alleviate the suffering of many people. After this time the Federal government has seen the potential of corporate giving in helping the government during times of crisis and even in providing assistance for economic growth. The government then made decisive steps to harness this potential. Wilkinson et al. , described the rationale, â€Å"1n 1935, during the height of the Great Depression, corporate giving to private charity was welcomed as a means to reduce the taxation that would otherwise be required by local communities shouldering the burden of caring for unemployables† (2006, section 1-4). Thus, in a way the spirit of giving was regulated and before while the gift was given freely without any prodding, now those who gave are rewarded with incentives such as the â€Å"tax deductible contributions† that many are familiar today. Social Responsibility In times of crisis it is understandable why the help of businesses are required to help prevent an economic collapse or a major breakdown in the social system of this country but what about in the times of peace and less turbulent times; where can corporate philanthropy come in? Louis Boone, writing about the realities of 21st century businesses asserted that corporate success is not only about dollars and cents but by abiding with an unwritten code of corporate ethics which includes contributing to increase the well being of society (2006, p. 51). The author adds that philanthropy is one of the ways which a corporation fulfills its social responsibilities (Boone, p. 51). Impact of Generosity Robin Pogrebin in his New York Times article illustrated the ability of for-profit organizations to help create awareness for the arts, â€Å"The Brooklyn Academy of Music recently closed a $200,000 deal with Visa’s signature card to sponsor its coming production of the dance-theater piece ‘Edward Scissorhands’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2007, par. 21). In the same article Pogrebin clarifies the significance of such donations to places like museums and cultural groups. In a succinct way he was able to show that dance and theater groups could never compete with NASCAR or the NBA for example in terms of reach which makes Visa’s contribution more meaningful. Another good example would be the philanthropic activity of Krispy Kreme that allow them to donate to Foster Friends – a charity that works with foster children with special needs. According to one of their executives, â€Å"We want our company to establish deep roots in the community† (Boone, p. 152). Sometimes one can only appreciate things when it is already gone. This is what happened to a historical site in Sussex County, New Jersey when funds dried up and the foundation managing the 19th century site that featured a 19th century town and a Lenape Indian Village (Hughes, 2007, par. 1-5). In the same way the benefits of corporate philanthropy can only be appreciated when the donations have stopped. In the case of Sussex County school children would be denied the education and joy derived from visiting historic sites such as this one. Bottomline Not all agree to the positive impact of corporate giving. When receiving gifts from corporate sponsors one could almost feel the strings attached the moment free money is being handed out. A realistic view of the world should automatically alert beneficiaries of donations to the fact that something must be given in return. But it must also be understood that corporations does not necessarily demand for the soul of the fundraiser and is only interested with a partnership that would work both ways. There is no need to be paranoid and say, â€Å"†¦if companies have a say in some decisions, might they eventually demand it in others? † (Pogrebin, par. 12). Ms. Perkins, a fund raising consultant asserts that corporations are less interested in â€Å"dictating programming than in exploiting it† (as cited in Pogrebin, par. 13). This makes a lot of sense since no CEO or corporate staff for that matter will have the time and energy to spare in tinkering with something they have no proficiency in like say tap dancing. Mr. Will Maitland Weiss, executive director of the Arts and Business Council of New York agrees with this assessment and he said, â€Å"The challenge isn’t that evil Mr. Businessman is trying to trick you into doing something you don’t want to do. The challenge for an arts group is to go into a meeting thinking strategically: We want to reach this audience, you want to reach this market, and we’ll both win† (as cited in Pogrebin, par 14). An example of the dynamics described by Weiss can be seen in the partnership between Time Warner and City Center’s Fall for Dance program which the media giant has sponsored for the past three years. The mutual relationship produced exposure for Time Warner and the six figure gift from the conglomerate was translated into 160, 000 festivals brochures, 400 subway posters and 5,500 bus advertisements (Pogrebin, par. ). If the cultural center tried to carry all the promotional and operational expense all by itself there is no way the production could have taken off the ground. Conclusion In the final analysis there is no significant objection to the idea that for-profit organizations should indeed participate and engage themselves in charitable causes and other philanthropic activities. The reasons for supporting such an activity are numerous. It starts with the fact that these organizations are earning millions of dollars. It is just proper for them to give back to the community or to the people that patronized their product, service or whatever it may be they are selling. The second major reason is the positive impact of giving, which has resulted in helping others reach their full potential. In the examples given previously one can see the numerous social problems that were solved because of corporate giving. There is even a deeper reason for the need to give. As pointed out by Boone, a lot of businessmen believe that it is ethical to give back to the community. And that many CEOs and entrepreneurs view themselves as failures if they only focus on the dollars and cents instead of making their world a better place. Third reason for an affirmative answer to the query on corporate giving is its ability to jumpstart projects that may not be as important as feeding the poor but is equally significant in feeding the soul. Examples were given of arts and culture groups that could not compete with sports and would have no chance of staging production without the aid of corporate sponsors. The objection to corporate philanthropy is baseless and could not hold water when stacked up against the benefits of generosity. Obviously, foundations and charitable institutions are never at a loss for programs and activities that will efficiently spend money given by for-profit organizations. Moreover, the examples given earlier has proven that corporate giving has evolved into a highly sophisticated system of partnership between donor and beneficiary that illustrates the paradox of making profit while giving away money. This is only possible in the world of corporate giving.

India’s Twelfth Fifth Year Plan | Analysis

India’s Twelfth Fifth Year Plan | Analysis Understanding Macroeconomics (India) Introduction Lately, India has risen as a vibrant economy with a developing local business sector and an incomprehensible system of freely supported Rd establishments. The quality of the Indian economy is situated to some extent on key arranging through the nations five-year plans, which have been used since 1951. The main Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, displayed the initial five-year plan to the Parliament in 1951, which announced inside it an arranged plan of Inr 20.69 billion to be designated to seven expansive regions including; watering system and vitality, farming and group improvement, transport and correspondences, industry, social administrations, land recovery, and the remaining plan to different areas and administrations. The most essential characteristic of this stage was dynamic part of state in all budgetary divisions. The focus for GDP development of the initial 5-year arrangement was set at 2.1 percent for consistently. In actuality, the genuine accomplished development was 3.6% for every year, which fortified the assumption in regards to the viability of the Five-year Plan framework (Rakshit, 2009). India’s Twelfth Fifth Year Plan The Twelfth Five-Year Plan which became effective in 2012 and stretches out until 2017, has set a target development rate of 8.2% of GDP, however the National Development Council (NDC) on 27 Dec 2012 sanction a 8% development rate, communicating concern in regards to the crumbling worldwide circumstance. It is not conceivable to think about a normal of 9 percent (in twelfth Plan). I think some place between 8 and 8.5 percent is attainable said Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, Mr Montek Singh Ahluwalia on the sidelines of a gathering of State Planning Boards and offices. The twelfth Five Year Plan additionally says multiplying Indias Gross Expenditure in Rd from its present level of 1% of GDP (Indias Governments using on Rd places it in the worldwide main 10 with Usd36b, barely behind the UK (Mohammad Ali, 2009). At the end of 2016-17, the Indian Government will raise its own particular financing to 1% of GDP and will try to absorb sufficient fortifying measures to raise the private divisions venture to 1% of GDP (Mohammad Ali, 2009). This obliges an expert conveyance component of Government backing to industry for building its engineering profundity and invigorating its venture in Rd. So as to invigorate the private segments speculation in Rd, an inventive pilot venture known as the Global Innovation Technology Alliance (GITA) was started by the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and the Department of Science Technology (DST) , and Government of India in 2007-08. The DST, under its respective multilateral Science Technology Cooperation concurrences with more than 70 nations, propelled modern Rd programs with Canada and Israel as pilot undertakings (Mohammad Ali, 2009). Through these projects, India and the accomplice nation assign subsidizing to help businesses occupied with joint modern Rd ventures In the nation particular system with Israel – the India-Israel Initiative for Industrial Rd (i4rd) , mutually actualized in Israel with MATIMOP – The Israel Industry Center for Rd, if one industry accomplice from India and one industry accomplice from Israel propose together to lead Rd for creating an attractive item, both the administrations give monetary backing up to half of task expense to their separate commercial enterprises, once the undertaking is together approved (Mohammad Ali, 2009). India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) Customer Price Index (CPI) in India expanded to 139.10 Index Points in April of 2014 from 138.10 Index Points in March of 2014. Customer Price Index (CPI) in India arrived at the midpoint of 122.89 Index Points from 2011 until 2014, arriving at an unequalled high of 139.40 Index Points in November of 2013 and a record low of 105 Index Points in February of 2011. Buyer Price Index (CPI) in India is accounted for by the Labour Bureau, Government of India (Narayanan, 2012). General expansion in the sustenance crate, including refreshments, expanded to 9.1 for every penny in March from 8.57 for every penny in the past month, as indicated by buyer value list (CPI) information discharged by the CSO today (Rakshit, 2009). Vegetable costs expanded 16.8 for every penny in March as against a 14.04 for every penny climb in February. The costs of soil grown foods climbed 17.19 for every penny contrasted and a 15.79 for every penny build in February. Retail or buyer expansion in protein-rich things, for example, eggs, fish and meat moved to 9.54 for every penny in March from 9.69 for every penny in February. The rate of value ascent for oats and related items regulated to 9.61 for every penny in March from 9.93 for every penny. Nonetheless, the cost of milk and its items expanded 11.02 for every penny in March contrasted and 10.37 for every penny in the past month. Costs of toppings and flavours climbed 8.87 for every penny from 8.48 for every penny in February. Retail expansion has been moving for three months since December 2013. Government information prior today indicated expansion as measured by the wholesale value record rose to a three-month high of 5.7 for every penny in March, chiefly because of a spurt in costs of sustenance things, for example, potato, onion and soil grown foods (Narayanan, 2012). India’s Inflation Rate The swelling rate in India was recorded at 8.59 percent in April of 2014. Expansion Rate in India found the middle value of 9.67 Percent from 2012 until 2014, arriving at a record-breaking high of 11.16 Percent in November of 2013 and a record low of 7.55 Percent in January of 2012. Swelling Rate in India is accounted for by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India. Causes of India’s Inflation Its troublesome to say whether Indias proceeding scourge of high expansion need to do anything with any such interruption, notwithstanding what numerous say is a powerless decision government plagued by assertions of debasement and strategy lull, climbing religious roughness in parts of the nation, and a breakdown of bipartisanship prompting parliamentary halt every once in a while. For about four years now, swelling has harassed India tirelessly, pushing up costs, consuming funds, harming the poor most and making life troublesome for its extensive white collar class. Between December 2009 and August 2013, wholesale value expansion which measures swelling at the processing plant door arrived at the midpoint of in excess of 8%. Purchaser expansion which reflects shop and business sector costs has floated between 7.65% and 10.91% since January 2012 (PALIWAL, 2013). Impacts of such Inflation The effect of swelling in Indian economy is declines the obtaining force of dollar and expansions the worth of products and items, particularly those that hails from other nation. Then again, it has a positive impact for the individuals who are winning different monetary standards like dollar. The impact of inflation in Indian economy is decreases the purchasing power of dollar and increases the value of goods and commodities, especially those that comes from other country (Narayanan, 2012). However, it has a positive effect for those who are earning other currencies like dollar. India’s Government Step towards Inflation In India, the legislature is recognizing measures to handle high expansion, as spiraling nourishment costs rise as a key concern. There are developing stresses over the effect of runaway expansion on Indias vigorous financial development. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh met top bureau priests for the second straight day, Wednesday, to work out a system to check climbing nourishment costs. The abnormal amount gathering was assembled as nourishment swelling took off to more than 18 percent the most astounding in more than a year (Rakshit, 2009). Conclusion In view of the results given above it might be reasoned that: a. The presence of co-integrating relationship between the variables uncovers a long run connection between them. This obviously infers that the CPI is impacted by the IIP, RM what’s more IMP. b. The ECM mathematical statement is profoundly noteworthy. This infers that the CPI changes with past period pattern and slacks in different variables. So likewise it reacts to past approach basics. c. The IRF indicates that the reaction to stun by the CPI mathematical statement is felt after around 12 months. This intimates that the CPI reacts to stuns after a slack. d. The FEVD of CPI tosses exceptionally urgent light on the determinants of swelling in India. Cash supply does impact the expansion, however the effect is fleeting. The effect on expansion because of the outer division is additionally extremely quick however fleeting. The hugest effect on swelling comes by means of the IIP (PALIWAL, 2013). From the above examination, it could be inferred that the Indian expansion is majorly a interest draw swelling. This is on account of both the cash supply and the IIP speak to the current request in the economy. Notwithstanding, the supply side components which come by means of the imports likewise Impact the swelling in the short run. In addition, the brief time effect of the Imports shows that the outer components are not the central point affecting the expansion. This suggests that our theory that expansion in India in the post liberalization period is because of outer variables is deficient. Therefore the adjustment approaches ought to be proactive by concentrating on the interest administration approaches on a long haul premise, and supply administration arrangements remembering their fleeting effect on expansion. Acknowledging the slack in the effect of IIP, such adjustment approaches will be great. References Rakshit, M. (2009).India amidst the global crisis.Economic and Political Weekly, 94-106. Retrieved: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40278667?uid=3738832uid=2uid=4sid=21103776467371 Mohammad, S. D., Hussain, A., Ali, A. (2009). Impact of macroeconomics variables on stock prices: empirical evidence in case of KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange).European Journal of Scientific Research,38(1), 96-103. Retrieved:Â  http://www.researchgate.net/publication/202329264_Impact_of_Macroeconomics_Variables_on_Stock_Prices_Emperical_Evidance_in_Case_of_KSE/file/5b0950e45b76dae18e57dd954b1b8620.pdf Narayanan, S. (2012).Inflation in India.The Indian Economy Since 1991: Economic Reforms and Performance, 2/e, 216. Retrieved: http://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=enlr=id=L4SvlRblIggCoi=fndpg=PT193dq=inflation+of+indiaots=C76Mr3k33Hsig=0UazG-M2u-sPF1Gi3vTX0RpKrNw PALIWAL, J. (2013). INCREASING PRESSURE OF INFLATION ON INDIAS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY: AN OVERVIEW.International Journal of Research in Computer Application Management,3(1). Retrieved: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueprofile=ehostscope=siteauthtype=crawlerjrnl=22311009AN=87676257h=6JK8Xw%2FP0hTVztFtk%2BJW6tBQUd52dYCOEQLA7lJ5b3JfDWrEqXuz84CrijFcbnHE9vH95DDkHahYRSRnXncXHA%3D%3Dcrl=c