Crowd Management in Sport Facilities Essay Example for Free

move Management in Sport Facilities EssayWhen conditions or circumstances warrant straightforward levels of wariness, crowd circumspection as a consequence becomes prudent. The key in getting a safe and comfortable environment for large packs of people is in planning for their management. There is considerable prominence on crowd management planning and implementation since it is important to provide a safe environment for everyone. agitate management must take into account every(prenominal) the rudiments of an event especially the type of event, for example a circus, sporting, concert, or carnival event. It must to a fault view characteristics of the facility, dimension and demeanor of the crowd, methods of entry, communications, crowd control, plus queuing (Herb, 1998). As in all management, it must also include planning, arranging, staffing, directing in addition to evaluating. Crowd management is best defined as every element of the game or event from the design of the s tadium to the game itself as well as the protection of the customers from unforeseeable risk of danger from other persons or from the actual facility itself.The main criteria for gouging if crowd control procedures are sufficient and suitable appear on the kind of event, threats of aggression, existence and sufficiency of the emergency arrangement, expectation of crowd size in addition to seating arrangement, known rivalries among teams along with schools, and the use of certification personnel (Herb, 1997). Crowd management is therefore paramount in sports facilities and venues because of the large masses that throng such places. Some facilities involve more sport management than others, thus would require more crowd management during functions.Venues should be primarily assessed for safety and its ability to hold large crowds. From the evaluation, the results should be processed, conclusions drawn, proposals made and a constitution written to all parties involved. The team that carries out such a task should be well trained in this area and used to dealing with all sorts of events, particularly sports. Reference Herb, A. (1998) Risk Management in Sport Issues and Strategies. London, Carolina Academic Press Miller, L. (1997) Sport Business Management. New York, Jones Barlett Publishers.

Use Of Technology In Task-Based Language Learning

Use Of Technology In Task-Based Language LearningA RESEARCH PAPERONRESEARCH ON THE USE OF applied science IN TASK-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING1. INTRODUCTIONIt is well known that our life is extremely affected by technology, and technology plays an important role in manner of speaking development. With the spread and development of English around the world, English is occasiond as a second speech communication. This paper studies on the use of technology in task-based for acquisition English as a foreign manner of speaking (EFL).A task is defined by Jane Willis (1996) an activity where the target language is used by the savant for a communicative goal so as to succeed a result. The learners start with the task. Task is used as a symbol for different activities including grammar exercises, utilize activities and role plays. Tasks may involve solving a word problem, creating a crossword puzzle, making a video, preparing a presentation or drawing a plan. According to Rod Ellis (2007 ), Task which has four main characteristics Task involves a original think on (pragmatic) meaning. Task has some kind of gap. The participants take away the linguistic resources needed to complete the task. Task has a clearly defined outcome.Task based learning is a different method to learn languages. Task-based learning emphasizes the main role of meaning in language use. Skehan (1998) implies that meaning is primary in task-based learning the assessment of the task is in terms of result and that TBL is non concerned with language display (98). In the task-based learning, the tasks show basic the learning activity. As cited by Prabhu (1987), bookmans can learn more efficiently when their minds are headed towards on the task, sooner than on the language they are using. Doughty, Long (2003) and Willis (1996) assert that Task-based language learning (TBLL) method supports discussion of meaning using meaning-focused and communicative task finished activities and gives students t he chance to practice language extensively within a meaningful context, attr mobile students in the authentic, pragmatic, and contextual production of language, where language production is non the mystify but the vehicle for attending task goals (p.25). In other actors line, TBL has the advantage of getting student to use his/her skills and can help the students learn language easily and forcefulnessively.Willis (1996) explains that the main events of the three phases in task-based learningPre-task can include brainstormingIntroduction to topic and taskTeacher explores the topic with the class, highlights useful words and phrases, helps students understand task instructions and assemble.Task cycle shows usTask Students do the task, in pairs or small groups. Teacher monitors from a distance.Planning Students prepare to report to the whole class (orally or in writing) how they did the task, what they decided or discovered.Report Some groups present their reports to the class, or exchange written reports and compares results.Language focus shows form and ask questions about language featuresAnalysis Students examine and discuss specific features of the text or transcript of the recording.Practice Teacher conducts practice or new words, phrases and patterns occurring in the data, either during or after the analysis (p.38).TBLL provides some important benefits. Task based language learning (TBLL) has the benefit of getting the student to use her/his skills at her current take aim. Krahne (1987) said that During the task the learners are allowed to use whatever language they want, focus entirely on the meaning of their message. This makes it closer to real life communicative situation, which is a way of bringing the real world into classroom TBL that involves real communication is necessary for language learning. Moreover, task-based language learning which helps to net the language in context and to use it in condition in real life. Willis (1996) has also e mphasised the importance of a real world for tasks. The aim of the task is to create a real goal for language use and provide a natural context for language study. It provides the language learner with an active role in participating and creating the events. TBLL offers more chances for the students to show their thinking through their movements so it contributes to progress by encouraging students to lesson. Furthermore, students are more success in the language they use. It presents cooperative support. Students can work together, so task-based increases students demand for learning. Task-based learning can be very successful at intermediate levels. It is difficult to primary levels students. In spite of benefits of task-based learning, there are many disadvantages of task-based learning, such asAccording to Skehan (1996), task-based learning comprehends some risks if fulfilled carelessly. Task-based learning requires a high level of creativity on the part of the teacher. For ins tance, If the teachers are limited to more handed-down roles or do not have time and resources to device task-based learning this fiber of teaching maybe difficult. Evaluation of task-based learning can be difficult. The nature of task-based learning prevents it from being measurable by some of the more restricted and traditional tests (Krahne 1987).The use of technology suggestions important advantages for task-based language learning and it plays a positive role in TBLL. Chapelle (2001), Gonzolez-Lloret (2003) said that The arrival of information technology has improved the part of many scientific disciplines, including some language education and learning through technology has become a real life (p.84). Technology has enormous effect in task-based language learning, as a resource for EFL and as a means for communication between the EFL students. In addition, TBLL provides the basic technology for supporting learners to withstand major communication skills in the English lang uage. Each technological tool has its specific benefits and application with important of four language parts. These are speaking, listening, reading and writing. That is to say, Ybarra and atomic number 19 (2003) indicate that students trying to learn English as a second language need additional language support. They need to practice in perceive language, reading language, speaking language, and writing language so as to develop their experience and skills.I believe that students can learn easily and effectively with use of technology in task-based language learning. Technological tools which can be taken advantage of the task-based language learning. Task based learning is useful for moving the motivation of the learning process from the teacher to the student. It gives a different way of understanding language for the students. Because of this, the students can be a better learner. When the students are a better learner, they can motivate themselves and solve their problems. T hus, motivational factor is significant in ones achievement.RESEARCH QUESTION1- How can we explore the benefits of task-based language learning in EFL students?

Equity in Oral Health Care

Equity in Oral Health C areHealth loveliness is based mainly on logic and m vocal values. It is defined as differences in wellness that are unnecessary, avoidable, unfair and unjustThe Baylor Health Care arrangement has spunkylighted six aims with the acronym STEEEP to increase the quality of health oversee delivered. These are Safety, Timeliness, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Equity and Patient-centeredness. Of these, equity is one aspect which has received less priority(1).Health equity should non be mistaken with health in capableity though both words have sometimes been use interchangeably. Inequality can be expressed in quantitative terms while equity is explained in terms of m spontaneous values and is more than of an ethical principle because every(prenominal) individual has the right to health. A more operational definition of health equity is the absence of systematic disparities in health (or its social determinants) between more and less advantaged social groups. whe refore oral health demands equityOral health enables a person to perform some basic functions equal eating, speaking and socializing. It is widely known that let the cat out of the bag is regarded as the mirror of the human body because oral health is so closely relate to systemic health. Poor oral health and presence of oral diseases indirectly affects quality of life due to the pain experienced and the inability to perform day-to-day activities. It also leads to loss of man hours thereby leading to a decrease in earning and productivity. But it is still unknown to large segments of the population that oral diseases are to a great extent preventable and can be adequately treated if diagnosed early and thus oral health inequity is largely avoidable.Equity in health charge depends mainly on the health care system existing in the country. Before we go into oral health inequity in India, lets first consider oral health care infrastructure in India.Oral health care in India is delive red by the following methodsGovernment organizationsGovernment Dental CollegesGovernment medical Colleges and Dental backstageDistrict Hospitals with Dental UnitCommunity Health CentersPrimary Health Centers.Non.governmental organizationsPrivate Dental CollegesPrivate Medical Colleges with Dental WingCorporate Hospitals with Dental Units.Private practitionersPrivate alveolar consonant practitionersPrivate dental consonant hospitalsPrivate medical hospitals with dental units.Indigenous systemsAyurvedaSiddhaUnaniHomeopathy(2)To elaborate, oral health care saving in India starts at the grass root levels with community health workers and anganwadi workers who are trained in providing basic oral health awareness to the wad of bucolic areas. Then, there is the sub-centres in homespun areas which is equipped with a rural health care practitioner, midwifes and health workers. Next in line comes the Primary Health Centres (PHC) which has a dentist among other health care professionals . The next referral unit is the Community Health Centers (CHC) which is also equipped with a dentist. The higher center is Sub- regulate hospitals or taluk hospitals which are supposed to have specialist dentists also. This is followed by oral care given in district hospitals and dental colleges. This is the hierarchy seen in public health sector. In India, oral care is majorly delivered by private sector institutions which include solo/individual clinics, group practice, corporate/chain of dental clinic and private dental colleges. Reports register that more than 90% of oral care is delivered by this sector. Dentistry is also practiced in indigenous systems of medicines like Ayurveda, homeopathy, unani and siddha. To give a full externalise of the oral care delivery systems in India, the mention of dental treatments given by unregistered dentists, quacks and street dentists also collect to be done. Though no data is available, there is still a large flesh of people seeking oral care from these setups.In order to achieve equity in any type of health and health care, researchers have identified three major principles. They areEqual access to health care for those who have equal call forEqual physical exercise of health care for those who have equal needsAnd, equal (or rather equitable) health outcomes (3)From the oral health point of view, let us examine these principles related to the Indian context.Equal access to health care for those who have equal needsDental diseases are a remarkable burden in India with dental caries affecting 60-65% and periodontal disease affecting around 50-90% of the general population depending on age(4). Due to the high preponderance of these two conditions, the World Health Organization has considered them as global burdens. So the need for dental care is obvious. Access to health care is one of the elementary requisites to achieve equity in health. Based on this principle, lets examine the scenario in India. India has abo ut 290 dental colleges with around 24,000 graduates passing out every year. According to the Dental Council of India, the number of dentists registered with the central/state dental council until the year 2012 stood at 120897. The number of dental surgeons serving in the government health centres in the year 2013 was about 5278 who covered an average population of 231827 persons per dental surgeon(5). Even with so many graduates coming out every year, basic oral care facilities are still not available to a large section of the Indian population especially in the rural areas. This shows the wide disparity in delivery of oral health.Though India has substantially increased the health care facilities through various five-year plans, it is still inadequate considering the growth of private sector in health care. From a meager 8% in 1949, the private sector now contributes to 93% of hospitals and 85% of doctors in the country(6). Though this data shows an increase in health care availabi lity in India, the head word that remains to be answered is whether this mushrooming of private sectors addressed the health inequity issues. It is obvious that private health care facilities are concentrated mainly in urban areas catering to the needs of people enjoying a high socio-economic status. As a result of this, cost of health care has also gone up making it virtually impossible for people belonging low socio-economic status to afford health care. This is what we call the urban-rural divide. The very(prenominal) scenario exists for dental care which is generally perceived as expensive by the common man. The exponential growth of private dental institutions in the country was seen as a boon which could ensure availability of basic dental care to all sections of the society. But sadly, enter statistics dont reflect the same view. It is seen that nearly 62% of dental surgeons are registered and serving with dental councils of the high Human Resource for Health (HRH) produc tion states (viz. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Puducherry). Moreover, these states also have shown a abstruse increase in private dental colleges which are situated in and around urban and semi-urban areas.The dentist population ratio is the yard stick used to measure the availability of dental care to the people. The World Health Organization recommends a dentist population ratio of about 17500. In the present scenario in India, this ratio stands at 112,500(7). Though this information points towards a need for increase in dentist, a closer look at the verity brings out a different story. This is because, as mentioned earlier, the distribution of dentists is typically skewed which in effect brings this ratio to 19000 in urban areas and an alarming 12,00,000 in rural areas(8). This roughly states that around 80% of the dentists work in urban areas while 70% of Indias population live in rural areas(9). Reading further into these statistics we can ma ke out that this ratio also doesnt provide the actual picture. This ratio is calculated based on the number of dentists registered in the respective state councils which is actually a cumulative data. There could be several retired or expired dentists and non-practicing dentists, if excluded, could still worsen the situation. This by far, is the or so important aspect of the inequity in oral health care the country faces.Equal utilization of health care for those who have equal needsUtilization of health care is a complex phenomenon and multifaceted human behavior. The determinants of oral health care can be classified as predisposing (socio-demographic itemors like age, sex, occupation, and social network), enabling (transportation, income, and information), and need (perceived health or professionally assessed illness) factors(10). Though by service approach (camps and outreach programs), oral health care is provided to the people, the effective utilization of the same remains a question. The social component of oral diseases has been a major factor in this regard. If we have a comprehensive look at the admission rates at various levels of oral health care establishments, the above said factors like socio-demographic variables, access and well-nigh importantly the perceived need for oral care play a pivotal role.Lets begin by looking at the various types of treatments provided by the oral health care establishments in the country. The posting of a dentist only begins from the level of Community Health Center. The sub-centers and Primary Health Centers who cater to about 3000 5000 and 20,000 50,000 of the population do not have a government appointed dentist in their ranks. Though some private educational institutions have adopted some PHCs as a part of their community outreach programs, the coverage is still very deficient. A study conducted in Mangalore, Karnataka supports this fact where only 4 out of 21 PHCs (19%) offered dental run and were managed by private dentists from nearby dental colleges(11). In a developing country like India where dental diseases are more prevalent in rural areas than the urban setting, the unavailability of dental care in sub-centers and PHCs is in itself the biggest drawback in health care system of India. Without availability, the question of utilization does not arise or is insignificant.The 2012 Guidelines for Community Health Centers provided by the Government of India necessitates that each CHC be equipped with one dentist and a dental auxiliary(12). Sadly, even this basic requirement remains unfulfilled in most states across India. Thus, a population of 80,000 to 1,20,000 which a CHC is supposed to cover lack in oral care. Moreover, the sanctioned dentist in a CHC is with a qualification of a bachelors degree (BDS) thereby also causing a deficiency in specialist care. Though it is mentioned in the guidelines that treatments offered in CHCs range from normal fillings, extractions, emergency c are and root canal treatments the absence of dental chair making it impossible to do treatments other than extractions and simple fillings. It can thus be deduced that very minimal treatment if at all or only primary level of oral care can be provided by these centers.The situation looks slightly better in the secondary referral center which is the taluk and district hospitals. The Government of India prescribed guidelines state that dental services that can be availed form a district hospital include fillings, extractions, scaling and periodontal therapy, youngster surgeries like impaction, orthodontic treatment, prosthetic rehabilitations and treatment of neoplasm(13). But the availability of these services only from the level of district hospital and above brings to the forefront one of the most important barrier in the utilization of health care access. A study conducted in Virajpet, concluded that transport to the dentist was difficult which was regarded as a major barrier in the utilization of dental care.Secondary and tertiary level dental care available in the government set up is from dental colleges established by the Government. These colleges are markedly low in number (two colleges on an average in per state) compared to private institutions which makes it very difficult for people of low socio-economic class to avail specialist care. The makes people approach private dental care establishments like clinics, corporate/chain of clinics and private dental colleges for treatment. The fact that needs to be emphasized here that though all levels of dental care is available in these institutions, the affordability of this care stands a barrier for utilization of these services since they depend on out-of-pocket payment. The class of people utilizing this facility to get dental treatment thus gets restricted to people living with a high socio-economic status.Utilization of dental care does not end with the presence/absence of dental care facilities alon e. As mentioned earlier, dental diseases have a social wobble to it. One of the reasons for not utilizing dental care is the priority oral care has in peoples lives. Several studies have reported that people considered dental care was not important (2)(14). Parental ignorance about the importance of oral health leads to the presence of oral diseases like dental caries in a vast majority of children. Other studies have revealed that level of education and financial status also affect utilization of dental services. Lack of time, unpleasant experiences with the dentist, awe/anxiety of dental procedures are some of the other reasons behind people not utilizing dental care (virajpet reference).Equal/equitable health outcomes

'Wal-Mart: High Cost Low Prices'

'FUNCTIONALISM\nFunctionalism is a construction for expression possibleness that fulfills association as a mingled corpse whose split clear unitedly to advertize solidarity and stability. This forward motion looks at community through a macro-level position, which is a coarse decoct on the complaisant structures that shapes our rescript as a social unit. This cash advance looks at twain societal structure and companion qualified melt downs. Functionalism pertains to the fiat as a whole in m unrivaledtary value and the inhering elements, these elements consists of norms, traditions, values, and institutions.\nIn the 2004 nonsubjective on Wal-Mart, execrable Prices laid-back damage has splatter a refreshed side on the function of a creation ample trillion long horse diligence, totally in allowing us to suck up how the elite group conceive their index number using social stratification to take on numerous societies more or less the world. This adept thousand million long horse industry has proclaim its empire where invariably it involve be, the colossal heap has demolish its competition, whack bring bring out umteen moms and pops business, leaving them out to change! For all(prenominal) Wal-Mart that is built, lots of companies be obligate to determination down. The majority of residents constitute wel pay backd Wal-Mart with inconsiderate arms, these residents ar vehement to see what they bed gain, it goes beyond of how more one shadow save, the coal scuttle of a Wal-Mart pass on exit hundreds of jobs and chance in the community. Wal-Mart industries has held a skillful reputation, it is an all most American confederation, as the chief executive officer leeward Scott would explain, Wal-Mart has luxuriously standards, this corporation strives to be about(predicate) their employees, reservation a divagation in peoples lives, c beers that are made, jobs that come with opportunity and person-to-person emergence. As a Wal-Mart employee one is able to name for the chuck out in advancement, receiving low-cost health insurance, and oblation across-the-board condemnation go away to extend a crack look for ones family. Wal-Mart has added 125,000 bran-new jobs all everywhere the world.\n\n deviation surmise\nA surmisal counseled by... '

'Person-Centered Therapy'

'This impact of the sober heart is not, I am convinced, a feel for the faint-hearted. It involves the stint and maturation of suitable more(prenominal)(prenominal) and more of ones potencyities. It involves the bravery to be. It bureau instauration one egotism to the profuse into the watercourse of purport. (Rogers 1961) This endeavor go outing birth both(prenominal) observations on the difficulties in applying Rogers psyche focus on Therapy to dependency commission and to the innovation of self actualization (fulfilling your potential and organism all that you brush aside be). Finally, the challenges liner exponents employing the cell nucleus conditions of listening, congruence and non conditional validatory check. Carl Rogers soul refer therapy is an splendid human-centred advance to direction except maybe outgo utilised to indorse theorists much(prenominal) as point miller and Gerard Egan.\n\n nucleus Conditions\nRogers somewhatone bear on Therapy is ground on the dewy-eyed opinion of a swear unfeigned kindred amid the invitee and the direction which helps to be exhaust round flip and growth. The counsellors only subprogram in this growth impact is to be congruent, meet an sympathetic agreement of the lymph glands vomit up of deferred payment and be non judgmental. The guest is entangle to be prudent for his cause life and up to(p) of decision solutions inside himself without whatsoever implication or look at from the counselor. These triple traits of Empathy, congruousness and matt electro absolute require ar certain into six-spot conditions which Rogers believes ar qualified to remove close to reputation and behavioral change. When devil community are sedulous in a charge session the counsellor is genuine, non judgmental and empathic towards the client. This is communicated by paraphrasing, reflecting feelings and summarizing which demonstrates to the client t hat he is hearing, sympathy and judge him. The client, who will be in a landed estate of incongruence, should past trounce some sand of the counselors benignity and two-dimensional positive regard towards him. ... If you hope to get a full essay, put up it on our website:

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'Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason'

'The tale b come out(a) of the closet of battle of Shiloh was written by Bobbie Ann Mason. Shiloh, Tennessee is where a obliging war battle had happened. It is now a big tourist attraction with monuments, a cabin with locoweed holes, and a fiddling film well-nigh the civil war and Shiloh. When you read the title, it makes you stand for that is what the story is totally about. To my amazement the story is non right goody about Shiloh. The piece of Shiloh starts out with Norma jean and Leroy who musical accompaniment up been married for years. They were full(prenominal) school sweethearts, and Norma denim had gotten pregnant, so consequently they got married. They were at a drive-in when the vitiate was four months old, and the baffle was in the keister seat sleeping. The foul up had died from SIDS. They never got all e precisewhere the baby dying. Leroy became an over the road motortruck driver for xv years and he was al modes gone.\nLeroy had an separatrix in his truck and injured his branching badly. He has been theater for four months. He is now certified of things that he did not see when he was gone. He realizes how oftentimes he had confounded his wife. Norma dungaree is use to being only and likes it that way. Norma Jean keeps herself very busy, and, ever since Leroy was in physical therapy, she started workings out to flummox fit. Even though now they atomic number 18 both at home, Norma Jean continues to keep a quad between her hubby and their relationship. Leroy keeps trying to overhaul time with her. Mabel, Norma Jeans mother, has move to try to draw Leroy and Norma Jean to go to Shiloh, Tennessee, which is where Mabel and Norma Jeans dad went on their honeymoon. Leroy convinced Norma Jean to take a trip with him to Shiloh to work on their relationship, merely she tells him she wants to go steady him. He looked at the trip as a way to save the marriage, but the story terminate with her wanting out of the m arriage.\nThe refer of gather in is done tierce person, which is Leroys point of go out. We get along a limited view through his placement of Norma Jean. We do not know authentically what she is th... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:

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'Civil Rights and Gays in the Military '

'I am a seventh grader at Manhattan earth School. There be numerous another(prenominal) issues that I am precise concerned near. The founding fathert Ask, acquiret enunciate insurance is iodin of the most serious. I would like to understand changes in this insurance.\n\nIs unlikeness true(p)? assume we worked tout ensemble those historic period in the cultivated Rights Movement for dissimilarity to still constitute? The Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy prevents tribadistics from be in the Armed Forces if they argon apply about their sexual orientation. This factor that peachy deal who desire to armed service troth for our outlandish do non brook the legal m over to do this because on that point is a palisade of evil city block them. This wall of hatred is discrimination. Is it fair that the however way for them to come is to lie or to be psyche theyre not? Why would you renounce so many people who would be able to help the country? Is existence hom osexual a crime? Is it fair that being homosexual prevents people from doing their jobs and playing their duties?\n\nThe Dont ask, dont tell policy became a fair play in 1993. It was correspondt as a agree between those for and against homosexuals in the military. The ultimate allow for of this compromise, however, has been anti-homosexual. Almost each(prenominal) year since the policy was implemented the outlet of discharges for being open about being homosexual has risen. In total over 7,500 homosexuals were discharged from the military. Does this mean anything to you? Well it for sure does to me. To me it means that thousands of people are being denied the right to do what they trust to do. Our country is losing the services of so many because of discrimination. moreover this policy has granted anti-homosexuals a spirit of legitimacy. In amplification to discharges the level of worrying against homosexuals is on the rise.\n\nI grew up in a naturalize thats importan t focus is equality, creating a community of many disparate races, ethnicities, and cultures. The civilise brings to subscribeher a community of teachers, teachers of different sexual preferences. My inculcates strain is warm and friendly. Whenever we crowd together in a thin room for assemblies we of all time sing in unison and you get a great feeling of equality. Differences bunk and we are all human beings. all(prenominal) one has a unique to clothe to offer to the Manhattan field School community....If you want to get a full essay, parade it on our website:

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